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When it comes to cichlid tanks, most people prefer to create a natural-looking tank that resembles their natural environment. A few hobbyists and professionals, however, are choosing bare-bottom tanks instead of substrate.

So what are the pros and cons of bare-bottom tanks? Should you be trying them out? That depends on your priorities, so let’s take a closer look.

The Advantages of Bare-Bottom Tanks

Easier To Clean

The primary reason that some aquarists opt for bare-bottom tanks over substrate is that they believe they’re easier to clean.

With no sand or gravel in the way, the fish keeper can easily hoover out any uneaten food, fish waste, and debris with a siphon. This is deemed especially important in breeding tanks where it’s important to maintain hygienic conditions to prevent disease and water poisoning.

Because certain pathogens can hide in sand and gravel, some people conclude that going bare-bottom will reduce their numbers. On the other hand, others report that harmful bacteria can build up on the glass bottom without substrate.

As with many aspects of this topic, it depends on who you ask!

Prevents Digging

Some aquarists avoid substrate simply to prevent their cichlids from digging and causing a mess.

Many cichlids indeed love to dig. At the very least, cichlids like convicts and firemouths that spawn in the substrate will dig a breeding pit, but others like eartheaters will root around in the substrate night and day, both for breeding and feeding!

Some cichlids have a strong preference for a sandy bottom, but sand particles can also easily get stirred up and trapped in the tank’s filter. Even when digging in gravel, cichlids can uproot aquatic plants and make a mess.

Removing substrate entirely does of course prevent the fish from digging, but remember that this is part of their natural behavior that they might miss if left bare bottom.

Less Investment

While gravel and sand aren’t expensive, some aquarists are looking to cut corners wherever they can. Especially when setting up large fish rooms, the amount of gravel or sand required can be quite substantial.

While it may appear to be cheaper to go without substrate, it’s worth remembering that some cichlids are less likely to breed on a bare-bottomed tank, meaning the saving won’t pay off!

The Advantages of Substrate

Visual Appeal

One of the biggest reasons that most aquarists prefer tanks with substrate is that it’s visually appealing. While bare-bottomed tanks are likened to a zoo cell with a concrete floor, sand or gravel offers a more natural-looking aesthetic.

Avoid Reflections on the Bottom of the Tank

People who try bottomless tanks don’t always realize that they will constantly see reflections of their fish on the tank floor.

Not only can this be distracting, but the reflections also water down the vivid colors of their fish. In contrast, different shades of sand or gravel can be used to enhance fish colors rather than dilute them.

Fish Prefer It

A very convincing reason for adding substrate is that fish probably prefer it.

In aquarium design, we’re constantly trying to replicate the habitats that fish come from in the wild. Not only does this offer authentic scenery to enjoy a certain type of fish, but it’ll do wonders to help your fish feel at home.

Fish that feel comfortable in their surroundings are far less likely to become stressed, disturbed, and sick compared to those in an alien environment.

Considering that most cichlid species enjoy digging in the wild, a sand or gravel bottom that allows them to enjoy this natural behavior only seems fair to the fish.

Rooting Medium for Plants

While some cichlids like East African types and Oscars can’t easily be kept with plants, many others love to dwell in heavily planted tanks and look even more impressive when immersed in swathes of dense foliage.

South American cichlids like discus, severums, and angelfish in particular, love planted tanks and the presence of live plants may even improve their health, vitality, and vivid colors.

Because most plant species need to be anchored in sand or gravel, installing substrate opens up far more options in the diversity of plants you can grow.

A Medium for Beneficial Bacteria

A slightly less obvious reason that substrate is useful is to host beneficial bacteria.

If you’ve been in the hobby for a while, you’ll likely know that nitrifying bacteria that convert harmful ammonia into nitrates are essential to keep your tank healthy.

While most people know that these bacteria live within their filter, less realize that their tank’s substrate is also heaving with these helpful critters! By including sand or gravel, you’re increasing the living habitat for them which could come in especially useful if your filter fails!

Bare-Bottom vs Substrate Cichlid Tanks FAQs

Do Bare-Bottom Tanks Require Décor?

While it’s less easy to plant bare-bottom tanks, they shouldn’t be left without décor altogether!

Remember that cichlids love to hide, so some floating plants, rocks, and driftwood are still very welcome to help them feel secure.

At the very least, some pieces of PVC pipe will offer the fish somewhere to hide, even if they look terrible!

Can I Place Rocks Directly on the Glass of a Bare-Bottom Tank?

Unless your rocks have incredibly smooth bottoms, they should never be placed directly on the tank’s glass. As many aquarists will regretfully tell you, any slightly jagged edge of a rock can crack aquarium glass when placed in direct contact.

Fish keepers have come up with different ways to protect glass from rock edges. From filter pads to rings of PVC piping, to egg boxes, aquarists have come up with some clever ways to cushion the bottom of their aquariums from the unthinkable crack.

Alternatively, lightweight PVC offers another option for hiding places if you can bear the sight of it.

How Do I Keep Gravel Clean?

Because some aquarists are opting for bare bottom tanks over substrate purely for the convenience of cleaning, it’s worth pointing out here how easy it is to clean gravel.

While sand is a little bit more tricky to clean without sucking up the particles, gravel can easily be cleaned with an aquarium vacuum cleaner.

We’ve made very simple versions with a plastic soda bottle cut in half, and attached to a hose pipe, but there are many purpose-made aquarium vacuums on the market, too.

Conclusion

You’ve probably guessed by now that in general, we’re bigger fans of tanks with substrate than bare-bottom tanks!

Not only does a sand or gravel bottom look better, but they also offer your cichlids a place to dig, help them to feel at home, and allow you to grow a wider range of plants.

On the other hand, it must be remembered that some fish breeders still prefer bare-bottomed tanks for the conveniences that they claim they offer. To look into the nuances of the argument further, take a trip to an aquarium forum where the issue is hotly debated!

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When it comes to stocking your aquarium, fish often steal the spotlight, and there are certainly some beautiful species to choose from. However, a whole world of fascinating invertebrates is also waiting to be discovered, so you don’t have to limit your aquatic pet choices to fish!

From quirky shrimp to amazing, mesmerizing cephalopods, these creatures can add an exciting and unique element to your tank. And these amazing animals aren’t limited to marine and reef tanks; there are freshwater species, too.

Here are seven unusual invertebrates you might like to consider for both freshwater and saltwater aquariums.

Key Takeaways

• Invertebrates like Vampire shrimp and Thai Micro crabs make excellent freshwater pets due to their peaceful nature, interesting feeding behaviors, and tank-cleaning abilities, suitable for community aquariums of 20 gallons or more.
• Saltwater invertebrates, such as Peacock Mantis shrimp and Harlequin shrimp, offer eye-catching visuals and unique behaviors but require species-specific tanks and careful attention to dietary needs, starting at 20 gallons.
• Highly specialized and visually stunning pets like the Blue Ring octopus and Flamboyant cuttlefish are recommended for experienced aquarists. Due to their complex care requirements, these creatures require a minimum of 30-gallon aquarium and a species-only tank setup.

Summary Table

Here’s a quick, at-a-glance summary of the critters we’ve included in this article! Do bear in mind that some of these aquatic animals have complex care requirements, so be sure to research your chosen species thoroughly before taking it on.

Freshwater Options

First of all, let’s take a look at some of the most interesting, quirky freshwater creatures you might fancy keeping as pets.

Vampire Shrimp (Atyopsis moluccensis)

If you’re an experienced aquarium owner looking for an interesting addition to your tank, you might want to consider taking on Vampire Shrimp.

These fascinating creatures are native to the tropical waters of Southeast Asia. These strange little shrimp are great fun to watch as they position themselves on vantage points around the aquarium, using their feathery appendages to filter tiny particles of food from the water.

Vampire shrimp are peaceful creatures that spend most of their time perched on driftwood or rocks, making them a great addition to a community tank with other peaceful fish that won’t bother them. As mentioned above, these shrimp are filter feeders but will also eat sinking pellets and algae wafers. If you’re planning to keep these shrimp, you’ll need a minimum tank size of 20 gallons.

Vampire shrimp are not only interesting to watch, but their unique appearance and peaceful nature make them an excellent addition to any aquarium.

Thai Microcrab (Limnopilos naiyanetri)

Thai Microcrabs can make a cute, unique addition to any densely planted aquarium.

Despite their diminutive size, these fascinating crabs are extremely active and highly entertaining to watch, spending much of their time scavenging for food and climbing on plants and your aquarium decorations. They are omnivorous and will happily eat algae, detritus, and leftover fish food, making them great for keeping the tank clean and tidy.

Thai microcrabs are benign creatures and can be kept with other peaceful fish and shrimp species, and with a minimum tank size requirement of just 5 gallons, they are perfect for nano tanks. Their quirky behavior and small size make Thai Microcrabs a popular choice for aquarists looking to add an unusual element to their aquarium.

Freshwater Pom-Pom Crab (Ptychognathus barbatus)

Freshwater pom-pom crabs are unique, fascinating creatures that can add an interesting dimension to any freshwater aquarium.

These crabs are native to Southeast Asia and are best known for their oversized claws, which are covered in small hairs resembling pom-poms. Pom-pom crabs are relatively peaceful but can be territorial, so keeping them with peaceful fish and shrimp species is important.

Freshwater pom-pom crabs are omnivorous and will eat algae, detritus, and sinking pellets, making them an excellent addition to any aquarium cleanup crew. With a minimum tank size requirement of only 10 gallons, these crabs are also suitable for nano tanks.

Their quirky appearance and interesting behavior will make Pom-pom crabs an eye-catching addition to your freshwater tank. In addition, these creatures are relatively low maintenance and are sure to grab the attention of anyone admiring your aquarium.

If you’re looking for a unique and unusual aquatic pet, a freshwater pom-pom crab might just be the perfect addition to your freshwater tank.

Saltwater Aquarium Options

If you have a reef or marine aquarium of a decent size, you have a good selection of invertebrates to choose from. However, some of these critters have quite complex care needs and are best suited to experienced aquarists.

Peacock Mantis Shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus)

Peacock mantis shrimp are amazing creatures that are found in the Indo-Pacific region. They are known for their powerful claws, which they use to crack open the shells of their prey.

These shrimp are highly intelligent creatures with excellent eyesight, making them skilled hunters. Although they might not be suitable for life in community tanks, peacock mantis shrimp are extremely interesting to watch. Their brightly colored appearance and unique behavior make them a truly captivating addition to a marine aquarium.

Peacock Mantis shrimp are carnivorous, feeding on a variety of meaty foods, such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. For that reason, you should keep your shrimp in a species-only tank, as they are aggressive and can harm other tankmates.

If you plan on keeping peacock mantis shrimp, you’ll need a minimum aquarium size of 30 gallons.

Harlequin Shrimp (Hymenocera elegans)

Harlequin shrimp are an exquisite addition to any aquarium due to their unique feeding habits and striking appearance.

Originating from the Indo-Pacific, these shrimp have specialized claws that they use to flip over and consume the tube feet of starfish, making them obligate starfish eaters. Due to their specific dietary requirements, Harlequin shrimp are best kept in a species-only tank or with peaceful tankmates who won’t be viewed as food.

Harlequin shrimp are relatively low maintenance once their dietary needs are satisfied, and their minimum tank size requirement is just 20 gallons. These shrimp are visually stunning, and their feeding behavior is fascinating to watch, making them an excellent choice for experienced aquarists looking for a unique addition to their marine aquarium.

Blue Ring Octopus (Hapalochlaena sp.)

Before introducing our next enchanting sea creature, a word of warning. Blue Ring octopuses are highly venomous and should only be kept by experienced aquarists.

These enigmatic creatures are native to the Indo-Pacific regions and spend much of the day hiding in caves or crevices, only becoming active at night. Because of their venomous qualities and aggressive nature, Blue Ring octopuses should be kept in a species-only tank.

These creatures are carnivorous and will eat a variety of meaty foods, including small fish, shrimp, and crabs. If you’re an experienced aquarist looking for an intriguing, unique addition to your saltwater tank, a blue ring octopus might be just what you’re looking for.

These highly intelligent creatures have captivating behaviors that make them a joy to watch, but a 30-gallon, single-species tank is essential to keep them healthy and happy.

Flamboyant Cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi)

The Flamboyant cuttlefish certainly lives up to its common name, and if you’re looking for a visually stunning and fascinating invertebrate to add to your aquarium, this creature is an excellent choice.

These cuttlefish are found across the Indo-Pacific regions and are well-known for their amazing, vibrant colors and unique swimming style. What’s even more impressive is their ability to change color and texture to blend in with their surroundings, making them incredibly interesting to observe in your aquarium.

However, it’s important to note that Flamboyant cuttlefish must have a species-only tank or a few peaceful tankmates that won’t harm them. These glamorous critters are carnivorous and will eat a variety of meaty foods, including shrimp, fish, and crustaceans, which is another reason a species-only tank is a good option for these guys.

As with many of the invertebrates we’ve featured in this guide, the Flamboyant cuttlefish has specific dietary needs, so it’s essential to research their requirements before taking them on.

In terms of tank size, a minimum of 30 gallons is recommended for these creatures. Once their needs are met, the Flamboyant cuttlefish is relatively low maintenance and can make a great addition to your aquarium. Their unique behavior and stunning appearance are sure to captivate the attention of any onlooker.

If you’re an experienced marine hobbyist looking for a unique and visually striking invertebrate to add to your collection, the Flamboyant cuttlefish is definitely worth considering.

Final Thoughts

Whether you have a freshwater or saltwater tank, introducing a few of the unique inverts we’ve featured in this guide can provide endless fascination for you and your visitors!

However, many of these weird and wonderful creatures have very specific care requirements, so please remember to research each species carefully to ensure they are compatible with your aquarium environment and you can meet their specific needs for a long, happy, and healthy life.

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Although caring for marine fish can be challenging, they are undoubtedly among the most colorful aquatic creatures you can keep as pets, turning your marine or reef tank into a vibrant underwater paradise.

Here are six stunning, reef-safe species guaranteed to make your tank pop!

Key Takeaways

• Caring for marine fish like the Mandarinfish and Royal Gramma involves providing an environment with plenty of live rock and hiding spots and a diet suited to their carnivorous needs; they also display unique behaviors such as changing colors and complex mating dances.
• Flame Angelfish and Moorish Idols are vibrant and active fish that need spacious tanks and a balanced diet but are territorial; Flame Angelfish are suitable for reef aquariums, while Moorish Idols are better for experienced aquarists.
• Regal Angelfish and Powder Blue Tangs require meticulous care, especially regarding their diet and tank environment. They can be aggressive toward similar fish, so it’s recommended to introduce Powder Blue Tangs to the tank last to minimize aggression.

Summary Table

Here’s an at-a-glance overview of all the colorful fish species we’ve featured in this article!

Please note that the water parameters provided are general ranges suitable for most marine fish. Specific care might require slight adjustments within these parameters. Lifespan and cost can vary based on several factors, such as the fish’s origin, size, and overall health when acquired.

Mandarinfish (Synchiropus splendidus)

The Mandarinfish, also known as the Mandarin dragonet, is one of the most beautiful and popular species of marine fish in the hobby.

These small, peaceful fish are native to the Pacific Ocean and are famous for their vibrant colors and unique patterns. They are a popular choice for reef aquariums and do best when kept in well-established tanks containing plenty of live rock and hiding spots, as they prefer to spend most of their time hiding out in crevices and caves.

Mandarinfish are carnivorous and feed primarily on small crustaceans and copepods, making them a perfect addition to a mature reef tank with an established population of these organisms. These fish need a well-balanced diet and need multiple daily feeds to keep them healthy.

Mandarinfish are not just pretty to look at; one of the most fascinating things about them is their mating behavior. During the breeding season, males perform an intricate courtship dance to attract a female, and the pair will then rise up into the water column to release their eggs and sperm.

However, breeding Mandarinfish in captivity can be extremely difficult and is usually only achieved by experienced hobbyists or commercial breeders. Overall, Mandarinfish are an excellent addition to any marine aquarium due to their mesmerizing appearance, peaceful nature, and fascinating behavior.

Royal Gramma (Gramma loreto)

The Royal Gramma, also known as the Fairy Basslet, is a species of fish native to the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean. Aquarists prize this fish for its striking purple and yellow coloration, which makes it stand out in any marine aquarium.

Despite their vibrant appearance, Royal Grammas are relatively hardy and adaptable, making them ideal for both beginner and experienced aquarists. These fish are naturally peaceful characters that can coexist with a variety of tankmates, including other small fish and invertebrates. This makes them an excellent choice for community reef aquariums.

Royal Grammas prefer aquariums with plenty of rocky caves, crevices, and overhangs where they can retreat when feeling threatened. These fish are known to be territorial and will defend their favorite hiding spots against other fish, so it’s important to provide ample hiding places for each individual fish in the tank.

In terms of diet, Royal Grammas are strict carnivores and will thrive on a diet of meaty foods, and are especially partial to mysis shrimp and brine shrimp. They should be fed small amounts several times a day, rather than one large portion, to prevent overeating and digestive problems that could result.

One interesting behavior of Royal Grammas is their ability to change color depending on their mood. When feeling stressed or threatened, they often darken their coloration to blend in with their surroundings and avoid attracting attention. But when feeling relaxed and comfortable, they display their vibrant colors to full effect. That can be a handy barometer for their owners, enabling them to tell whether the conditions in the tank are correct for these fish.

Flame Angelfish (Centropyge loriculus)

Flame Angelfish are tropical marine fish native to the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea and the Great Barrier Reef. These fish are popular among aquarium hobbyists for their stunning orange-red coloration and unique markings, which make them stand out in any marine aquarium.

In addition, these glorious marine fish are relatively easy to care for and can adapt to a wide range of water conditions. Ideally, you need a tank with a minimum capacity of 55 gallons for Flame Angelfish. They are reef-safe, coexisting peacefully with corals and other invertebrates without causing any damage.

When it comes to diet, Flame Angelfish are primarily herbivores, requiring a diet rich in algae for optimal health. They also appreciate a variety of frozen and live foods, such as brine shrimp, krill, and mysis shrimp, which gives them all the nutrients they need.

Flame Angelfish are quite lively and active and can be pretty territorial, especially towards other fish of the same species or similar appearance. Therefore, it’s best to keep them in a species-specific tank or with other peaceful fish that won’t compete for resources.

Moorish Idol (Zanclus cornutus)

Moorish Idols are striking fish found in the Indo-Pacific region. They are instantly recognizable by their amazing black, white, and yellow coloration, which makes them extremely popular among marine aquarium enthusiasts.

Despite their delicate appearance, Moorish Idols are relatively hardy and can adapt well to aquarium life. However, they require a large tank with plenty of swimming space and hiding spots.

These fish are known for their unique body shape and elongated dorsal fin, which can be up to two-thirds the length of the creature’s whole body. This fin is used for communication and display, making it an important part of the Moorish Idol’s courtship behavior. In the wild environment, you generally see these fish in pairs, so it’s best to replicate that in the aquarium if you can find a mated pair. Although not particularly aggressive, these fish can be territorial and feisty toward their tank mates.

Moorish Idols are omnivores and feed on a variety of plant matter, algae, and small invertebrates in the wild. In an aquarium setting, they should be fed a diet that includes both plant matter and protein-rich foods like brine shrimp and krill. It is important to ensure they receive a balanced diet to maintain their health and vitality.

These elegant fish make a fabulous addition to a large marine tank. However, they are unsuitable for novice aquarists and require significant care and attention to thrive in captivity.

Regal Angelfish (Pygoplites diacanthus)

Regal Angelfish are native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.

They are popular and highly sought-after fish with stunning blue and yellow coloration, which makes them an exquisite addition to any aquarium. However, the Regal Angelfish is not recommended for beginners because of its very specific care needs.

These fish need a well-established marine aquarium with lots of live rock and hiding places where they can feel safe and protected. This is because Regal Angelfish are naturally shy and prefer to spend much of their days hiding in rocky overhangs, crevices, and caves.

The Regal Angelfish eats both algae-based foods and meaty treats. One thing that makes these fish tricky to keep in captivity is their picky eating habits, and they often take a while to adjust to their new surroundings and food. It’s typically best to offer a few small feeds throughout the day rather than one large feed.

Regal Angelfish can be aggressive towards their tank mates, especially if they are of a similar size or color. Therefore, we recommend keeping them with other peaceful species that won’t compete for food or territory.

Powder Blue Tang (Acanthurus leucosternon)

The Powder Blue Tang is a fascinating fish species from the Indo-Pacific region’s warm waters.

These fish are known for their stunning powder blue coloration and distinctive yellow dorsal fin, making them a favorite among many marine enthusiasts. Powder Blue Tangs are best suited for large, well-established reef aquariums with plenty of swimming space.

These fish are herbivores and require a diet rich in algae and seaweed. They should be fed at least three times a day to ensure that they receive all the nutrients they need to thrive. When it comes to water conditions,

It is important to note that Powder Blue Tangs can be aggressive towards other tangs, so they are recommended to be kept as the only tang in the aquarium. However, they are generally peaceful towards other tankmates and can be kept with a variety of other fish species as long as they are not aggressive towards them.

Powder Blue Tangs are active swimmers and require plenty of open swimming space unobstructed by hardscape and decorations. If you are considering adding a Powder Blue Tang to your aquarium, it is important to bear in mind that these fish can grow up to 10 inches in length. Therefore, you must provide them with a large enough tank to accommodate their size. Additionally, most experienced keepers recommend that you introduce this species to the aquarium last to reduce the risk of aggression towards other tankmates.

Final Thoughts

Adding any of these spectacular saltwater fish to your aquarium is sure to impress and delight your friends when they call around to view your tank.

However, many of these fish species have very specific care requirements, which makes them unsuitable for novice hobbyists. In addition, most of these fish are super-expensive to buy, so you must be confident you can provide your chosen species with everything it needs to thrive before you part with your cash.

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African Water ferns or Bolbitis Heudelotii are a type of aquatic plant that is native to tropical rainforests. They are characterized by their delicate, feathery leaves and their ability to grow in a variety of conditions. Water ferns are a popular choice for aquariums, as they can help to improve water quality and provide a natural habitat for fish and other aquatic life.

Quick fact about African Water Fern Plants

What is an African Water Fern?

The African Water Fern, scientifically known as Bolbitis Heudelotii, is a captivating addition to any aquarium. Native to the damp, shaded regions of Africa and Asia, this plant thrives in both submerged and semi-aquatic environments.

Its feathery, lace-like leaves create an aesthetic appeal, while its slow growth and adaptability make it a low-maintenance choice for all aquarists. Patience is key with this plant, but over time, it brings a lush, enduring beauty to any aquarium

What About Watering Ferns with Epsom Salt?

Some people recommend watering ferns with Epsom salt, a mineral compound made of magnesium and sulfate. Epsom salt is said to help ferns grow lush and green by providing them with magnesium and sulphate, which are essential nutrients for plant growth.

However, there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that watering ferns with Epsom salt is beneficial. In fact, some experts believe that Epsom salt can actually be harmful to ferns, as it can raise the pH of the water and make it more alkaline.

If you are considering watering your ferns with Epsom salt, it is important to do your research and weigh the risks and benefits. There is no guarantee that Epsom salt will help your ferns grow better, and it may actually do more harm than good.

Here are some of the potential risks of watering ferns with Epsom salt:

• Epsom salt can raise the pH of the water, making it more alkaline. This can stress the plant and make it more susceptible to disease.
• Epsom salt can burn the roots of the plant.
• Epsom salt can make the leaves of the plant yellow.

If you are looking for a way to improve the health of your ferns, there are other, more effective methods. Here are a few tips:

• Provide your ferns with bright, indirect light.
• Fertilize your ferns regularly with a balanced fertilizer.
• Trim your ferns regularly to keep them healthy and prevent them from becoming overgrown.
• Keep the water in your aquarium or pond clean and free of debris.

Vivariums

The African Water Fern, or Bolbitis Heudelotii, is versatile and can thrive in several types of vivariums. Here are some common setups where this fern can be incorporated:

Aquariums: This is perhaps the most common setup for the Ferns. It thrives in both fully submerged and semi-aquatic conditions. Its elegant, feathery fronds create an attractive backdrop and provide excellent cover for fish and invertebrates.

Paludariums: These are setups that combine terrestrial and aquatic elements, usually with part of the tank filled with water and part left dry to mimic a riverside or shoreline. The Water Fern can be situated in the water or on the water line, adding a lush, green aesthetic to the landscape.

Terrariums: Although not as common, the plant can also be grown in high-humidity terrariums, especially those designed to mimic a rainforest environment. Here, the fern can be placed in a shaded area with high humidity, but care should be taken to ensure the soil doesn’t become waterlogged.

Ripariums: Similar to paludariums, ripariums simulate a riverbank environment, but the terrestrial part is much more reduced, almost resembling a marsh. The Fern can be attached to driftwood or rocks placed semi-submerged in the water, where it can grow in and out of the water.

Growing African Water Ferns

Tank Sep up

Setting up a tank for African Water Fern involves a few key steps:

• Choose the Right Tank Consider a medium to large tank as Water Fern can grow up to 18 inches. Make sure it’s watertight and clean.
• Substrate Ferns grow by attaching their rhizomes to objects, so you can opt for a basic gravel or sand substrate. However, if you plan on having other plants that root in the substrate, consider a nutrient-rich aquatic plant substrate.
•  Install Lighting Install a low to medium intensity aquarium light. Set it on a timer to mimic natural day-night cycles.
• Set Up Filtration Install an aquarium filter suitable for the size of your tank. This will help maintain water quality by removing excess nutrients and waste.
• Set Up Heating Install a water heater to maintain a consistent water temperature between 68 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 28 degrees Celsius).
• Water Conditions Fill the tank with dechlorinated water and use a water testing kit to check the pH level. Aim for slightly acidic to neutral water (pH 6.0 to 7.0).
• Add Décor Add items such as rocks, driftwood, or ornaments for the fern to anchor onto.

Planting African Water Fern

Growth Rate and Height

Bolbitis Heudelotii is a slow grower, which makes it easy to manage in both small and large aquarium settings. While its pace might test your patience, the wait is worth it as it gradually develops into an eye-catching feature in your setup.

In terms of height, it’s no small fry either. With optimal care and conditions, this fern can reach a height of up to 18 inches. Remember, steady growth means a healthier plant, so sit back and enjoy the gradual unfurling of each new leaf.

Co2 Requirement

Water Ferns can thrive without additional CO2 supplementation. It’s quite adaptable and capable of growing in a variety of conditions, including tanks with low CO2 levels.

However, if you’re aiming for a denser, more lush growth or have a densely planted tank, supplemental CO2 can be beneficial. It can boost the plant’s growth and help it reach its full potential faster.

While CO2 supplementation can enhance the fern’s growth, it’s not a strict necessity. Consistently monitoring and maintaining other factors like lighting, temperature, and water pH also play significant roles in the plant’s overall health and growth.

How to Trim

• Identify: Start by identifying the parts of the fern that need trimming. Look for leaves that are yellowing, brown, or show signs of disease.
• Prepare: Equip yourself with a sharp pair of aquascaping scissors to ensure clean cuts and minimal damage to the plant.
• Cut: Trim away the affected leaves at the base, near the rhizome. Be careful not to damage the rhizome or healthy leaves.
• Remove: After trimming, remove the cut leaves from the water immediately. Decaying plant material can lead to poor water conditions.
• Monitor: Observe the fern after trimming. It should start growing new leaves from the rhizome.

African Water Ferns the Right Way: Some Best Practices

Watering ferns, especially water ferns like Bolbitis Heudelotii, deviates from typical houseplant watering. Rather than direct watering, they thrive in specific aquatic environments. Here are some best practices to ensure your ferns are watered the right way:

• Cleanliness: Regularly change a portion of the water in your tank, depending on its size and fauna. This helps maintain a clean environment and reduces the chances of disease and algae growth.
• Fertilizer: Although not a must, you can consider using a water-soluble fertilizer. However, be careful with the amount, as too much can lead to excessive algae growth.
• No Overcrowding: Ensure your ferns have enough space to grow. Overcrowding can hinder growth and lead to competition for resources.

Tank Mates

African Water Fern, is a peaceful plant that generally pairs well with a variety of tank mates. Here are a few suggestions:

Fish: Due to its sturdy structure, the fern can handle various species of fish. Smaller fish like tetras, guppies, or rasboras will appreciate the cover the fern provides. Larger, peaceful fish, such as angelfish or discus, can also share a tank with this fern. However, avoid housing the fern with plant-eating fish or those known for uprooting plants.

Shrimp and Snails: These invertebrates make excellent tank mates for the African Water Fern. They help clean the tank by consuming algae and leftover food, contributing to a healthier environment for your fern.

Other Plants: Ferns gets along well with other aquatic plants. It can create a pleasing backdrop for foreground plants like Anubias or Java Moss.

FAQ

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Low light aquarium? Shaded spot? Beginner Tank? We got you covered!

Whether you just want the ease and convenience of maintenance-free low light aquarium plants, or have a specialised low-light pro setup. These are the best aquarium Mosses, Ferns and Stem Plants that are available widely worldwide.

As a beginner, having a low-light friendly plant means you don’t have to worry about optimal high-end lighting. The plants below will thrive regardless. The downside, is that they’ll often grow slowly, taking time to fill out.

The upside… less tank maintenance.

Low-light Mosses

Not all aquarium mosses grow well in low light conditions, but many do. Mosses are generally adaptable and hardy plants that can tolerate a range of light intensities.

In nature, mosses often grow in shaded or partially shaded areas, such as on tree trunks or rocks, where light levels can be low. This ability to grow in low light environments has evolved as a survival strategy for these plants.

In an aquarium, mosses like Java Moss and Marimo Moss Balls are popular choices for low light setups. They can grow and thrive with minimal lighting, although their growth rate may be slower compared to higher light conditions.

Providing consistent and stable lighting, even at low intensities, will ensure that your mosses remain healthy and continue to grow.

Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri)

Java Moss is a hardy, beginner-friendly moss that’s perfect for low light aquariums. It can easily attach to rocks, driftwood, or other surfaces, creating a beautiful green carpet. Java Moss requires minimal maintenance and provides a great hiding place for small fish and shrimp.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: 4 inches (10 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a variety of water conditions, prefers cooler temperatures and gentle water flow
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Marimo Moss Balls (Aegagropila linnaei)

These unique, round-shaped moss balls are not only eye-catching but also extremely easy to care for. They’re perfect for beginners and low light setups, requiring minimal maintenance. Marimo Moss Balls help improve water quality by absorbing excess nutrients and provide a fun play area for fish.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Up to 8 inches (20 cm) diameter
• Thrive Conditions: Cooler temperatures, can tolerate a range of water conditions
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Marimo Moss Care Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

Low-Light Ferns

Not all aquarium ferns grow well in low light conditions, but many do. Those that thrive in low light environments, such as Java Fern and African Water Fern, adapted to survive in their natural habitats, where light is limited due to dense foliage, murky water, or deep water.

Evolving to photosynthesise at low light levels makes the Ferns listed below perfect for low-light aquariums or planting in shaded spots.

Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)

Java Fern is an attractive, hardy plant that thrives in low light conditions. It’s beginner-friendly and can be attached to driftwood, rocks, or other decorations. Java Fern is slow-growing and doesn’t require much maintenance, making it a great choice for new aquarium hobbyists.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Up to 13.5 inches (35 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a wide range of water conditions, prefers being attached to hardscape
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Java Fern Care Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

African Water Fern (Bolbitis heudelotii)

This beautiful fern can add a touch of elegance to your low light aquarium. It’s beginner-friendly and can be attached to driftwood or rocks. African Water Fern prefers stable water parameters and benefits from CO2 supplementation, but it’s not necessary for its growth.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Up to 16 inches (40 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Prefers warmer temperatures and good water flow, likes being attached to hardscape
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Bolbitis heteroclita (Creeping Fern)

Bolbitis heteroclita, also known as Creeping Fern, is an attractive and intriguing plant that’s adapt to low light conditions. This plant is beginner-friendly due to its hardiness and ability to tolerate a wide range of water conditions. Creeping Fern is an epiphytic plant, meaning it prefers to attach itself to hardscape elements like driftwood, rocks, or other decorations in your aquarium.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Up to 10 inches (25 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Prefers good water flow, enjoys being attached to hardscape
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Water Sprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides)

Although not a true fern, Water Sprite has a fern-like appearance and is an excellent low light plant. It can be grown floating or rooted in the substrate, providing cover for fish and invertebrates. Water Sprite is easy to care for and suitable for beginners.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 20 inches (50 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Grows both submerged and floating, prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Stem Plants

Anubias (Anubias spp.)

Anubias plants are hardy, slow-growing, and perfect for low light aquariums. They’re beginner-friendly and can be attached to rocks, driftwood, or decorations. Anubias is available in various species, offering different leaf shapes and sizes to suit your aquarium’s aesthetic.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Varies by species, typically up to 16 inches (40 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a wide range of water conditions, prefers being attached to hardscape
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Anubuas Care Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne spp.)

Cryptocoryne, or “Crypts,” are adaptable plants that can thrive in low light conditions. They’re beginner-friendly and available in various species with different colours and leaf shapes.

Related: 15 Common & Rare Types of Cryptocoryne

Related: Cryptocoryne ‘Crypts’ Full Care & Growth Guide

Be patient, as Crypts may experience “melting” when first introduced to the tank, but they’ll bounce back with proper care.

• Lighting: Low to moderate light needed
• Max Size: Varies by species, typically up to 12 inches (30 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Tolerates a wide range of water parameters, prefers nutrient-rich substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Amazon Sword (Echinodorus spp.)

Amazon Swords are striking plants with large, sword-like leaves that make a great centerpiece in low light aquariums. They’re beginner-friendly and can be planted in the substrate. Amazon Swords may benefit from root tabs for added nutrients, but overall, they’re easy to care for.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 20 inches (50 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH, benefits from nutrient-rich substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Vallisneria (Vallisneria spp.)

Vallisneria (Vallisneria spp.): Vallisneria, or “Vals,” are long, grass-like plants that can create a beautiful underwater landscape in low light conditions. They’re easy to care for and suitable for beginners. Vals can reproduce by sending out runners, filling in empty spaces in your aquarium.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 6 feet (183 cm) long, depending on the species
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a variety of water conditions, prefers sandy substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes (Yellows/Browns easily)

Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis)

Water Wisteria is a versatile, fast-growing plant that can thrive in low light settings. It’s beginner-friendly and can be grown floating or rooted in the substrate. Water Wisteria provides excellent shelter for fish and invertebrates and helps maintain water quality.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 20 inches (50 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a range of water parameters, prefers nutrient-rich substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Water Wisteria Care Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Hornwort is a hardy, fast-growing plant that can adapt well to low light conditions. It’s beginner-friendly and can be grown floating or anchored in the substrate. Hornwort is an excellent oxygenator and provides shelter for fish and invertebrates, making it a valuable addition to your aquarium.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 10 feet (3 m) long
• Thrive Conditions: Tolerates a wide range of water conditions, prefers to float freely
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Hornwort Care Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

Dwarf Sagittaria (Sagittaria subulata)

Dwarf Sagittaria is a grass-like plant that can grow well in low light conditions. It’s easy to care for and suitable for beginners. Dwarf Sagittaria can spread across your aquarium’s substrate, creating a lush carpet that offers shelter and foraging opportunities for fish and invertebrates.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 12 inches (30 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Adapts to a variety of water conditions, prefers sandy substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Hygrophila (Hygrophila spp.)

Hygrophila plants are hardy and adaptable, making them an excellent choice for low light aquariums. They’re beginner-friendly and available in various species with different leaf shapes and growth patterns. Hygrophila plants can be planted in the substrate and will benefit from occasional pruning to maintain their shape.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Varies by species, typically up to 24 inches (60 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH, benefits from nutrient-rich substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Brazilian Pennywort (Hydrocotyle leucocephala)

Brazilian Pennywort is a versatile plant that can grow well in low light conditions. It’s beginner-friendly and can be grown floating or rooted in the substrate. Brazilian Pennywort provides excellent cover for fish and invertebrates, and its fast growth helps improve water quality.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 24 inches (60 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Tolerates a wide range of water conditions, can grow both submerged and floating
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

Full Brazilian Hornwort Guide (Grow, Propagate, FAQs, & Tips)

Rotala Rotundifolia (Rotala rotundifolia)

Rotala Rotundifolia is a colorful stem plant that can adapt to low light conditions. Although it may not display its most vibrant colors without higher light, it’s still an attractive and easy-to-care-for plant that’s suitable for beginners. Rotala Rotundifolia can be planted in the substrate and benefits from regular trimming to maintain a bushy appearance.

• Lighting: Moderate to high light needed
• Max Size: Up to 15 inches (38 cm) long
• Thrive Conditions: Prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH, benefits from nutrient-rich substrate
• Beginner Friendly: Yes

What’s your favourite plant that grows well with low-lighting? Comment below!

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